Neurostimulation and Neuromodulation
Neurostimulation and neuromodulation involve electrical or chemical stimulation of the nervous system to alter pain signalling. Techniques such as spinal cord stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are used when conventional treatments are ineffective. These methods target specific nerve pathways to reduce pain perception, offering a minimally invasive and often reversible option for patients with conditions like neuropathic pain or failed back surgery syndrome. Advances in implantable devices, wireless technologies, and closed-loop systems are improving efficacy and patient comfort. Neuromodulation is a rapidly evolving field offering innovative solutions for complex and chronic pain syndromes.